Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2318-5015.20130009
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Artigo Original

Determinação de IgE específica in vivo e in vitro após a imunoterapia específica com veneno de himenópteros: é parâmetro para avaliação do sucesso do tratamento?

In vivo and in vitro specific IgE determination after specific immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venom: parameter to evaluate treatment success?

Cynthia Mafra Fonseca de Lima; Alexandra Sayuri Watanabe; Jorge Kalil; Fábio Fernandes Morato Castro; Clóvis Eduardo Santos Galvão

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Resumo

Objetivo: Comparar os níveis séricos de anticorpos IgE veneno-específicos e a reatividade em testes cutâneos antes e após 3 anos de imunoterapia específica com veneno de himenópteros. Método: Pacientes foram selecionados para imunoterapia de acordo com a história clínica e pesquisa de anticorpos IgE veneno-específicos (ImmunoCap, Phadia, Brasil) e testes cutâneos (prick test e intradérmico). Após 3 anos de imunoterapia, os pacientes foram avaliados sobre ferroadas acidentais e foram repetidos a IgE sérica e o teste cutâneo. Resultados: Trinta e cinco pacientes foram avaliados. Dos que fizeram imunoterapia com veneno de abelha, 56% tiveram diminuição dos níveis de IgE por ImmunoCap, 71% permaneceram com teste cutâneo positivo, e 5% apresentaram sensibilização ao veneno de vespa, que não havia sido detectada na avaliação inicial. Para os que fizeram imunoterapia com veneno de vespa, 80% tiveram diminuição no nível de IgE sérica, 88% apresentaram teste cutâneo negativo, e 5% apresentaram sensibilização ao veneno de abelha. Dos que fizeram imunoterapia com veneno de formiga, 92% tiveram diminuição dos níveis de IgE sérica específica, 78% permaneceram com teste cutâneo positivo, e 10%, apresentaram sensibilização para abelha e vespa. Não houve reação sistêmica dos pacientes que apresentaram ferroadas acidentais (86% dos pacientes alérgicos a abelha, 75% a vespa e 82% a formiga). Conclusão: A imunoterapia por pelo menos 3 anos foi efetiva, pois todos os pacientes que foram ferroados acidentalmente não apresentaram reações sistêmicas. Nossos resultados também demonstraram que tanto a IgE sérica específica assim como os testes cutâneos não servem como parâmetros de sucesso no tratamento, pois a maioria permanece com positividade, no entanto sem reatividade clínica.

Palavras-chave

Imunoterapia com veneno, ferroada de inseto, Hymenoptera, anafilaxia, IgE específica.

Abstract

Objective: To compare serum levels of venom-specific IgE antibodies and skin test reactivity before and after 3 years of specific immunotherapy with Hymenoptera venom. Method: Patients were selected for immunotherapy according to clinical history, presence of venom-specific IgE (ImmunoCAP, Phadia, Brazil), and positive skin tests (prick test and intradermal test). After 3 years of immunotherapy, patients were inquired about accidental stings, and both serum IgE and skin tests were repeated. Results: Thirty-five patients were evaluated. Among those who had received bee venom immunotherapy, 56% showed lower levels of specific IgE on ImmunoCAP, 71% had positive skin tests, and 5% showed sensitization to wasp venom that was not detected at baseline. Of those who had received immunotherapy with wasp venom extract, 80% showed lower levels of serum IgE, 88% had negative skin tests, and 5% showed sensitization to bee venom. Finally, among patients treated with fire ant immunotherapy, 92% showed lower specific IgE levels; 78% had positive skin tests, and 10% presented sensitization to bee and wasp venoms. There were no systemic reactions in patients who had been accidentally stung (86% of patients allergic to bee, 75% to wasp, and 82% to fire ant). Conclusion: Immunotherapy for at least 3 years was effective, as none of the patients accidentally stung showed systemic reactions. Our results also showed that neither serum specific IgE nor skin tests are reliable parameters for the evaluation of treatment success, as the majority of patients remained positive, however without clinical reactivity.

Keywords

Venom immunotherapy, insect sting, Hymenoptera, anaphylaxis, specific IgE

Referências

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Submetido em:
03/09/2012

Aceito em:
08/04/2013

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