Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2318-5015.20130050
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Relato de Caso

Asma ocupacional por farinha de trigo

Occupational asthma due to wheat flour

Camila Nunes Cardoso Sora; Carolina T. Gehlen; Maurício Domingues Ferreira; Marcelo Nunes Cardoso; Luís Piaia

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Resumo

Asma ocupacional é definida pela presença de obstrução reversível ao fluxo aéreo e/ou hiperresponsividade brônquica causadas por agentes presentes no ambiente de trabalho. O teste de provocação, com objetivo de reproduzir a sintomatologia do paciente em ambiente controlado, pode ser utilizado para confirmação diagnóstica. Neste artigo, descrevemos um paciente trabalhador de padaria, exposto a farinha de trigo em suspensão, com sintomas de tosse seca, dispneia, prurido nasal e espirros, associados ao trabalho. Os sintomas desaparecem ao se afastar do trabalho, e reaparecem em cerca de três dias após retomar suas atividades profissionais. A investigação laboratorial revelou níveis elevados de IgE específica para trigo (14,9 kU/L). Sua prova de função pulmonar mostrou distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo leve, reversível após uso de broncodilatador de curta duração. Teste de provocação foi realizado, em que o paciente manipulou a mesma farinha de trigo utilizada em seu trabalho na padaria, reproduzindo a preparação de massa de pão, sob supervisão. Após vinte minutos, apresentou dispneia moderada, com queda do pico de fluxo expiratório para 250 L/m (48% do valor predito). Teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata com farinha de trigo in natura foi positivo, indicando tratar-se de reação IgE mediada. Este caso ilustra de forma clara que a estratégia de teste de provocação com simulação do ambiente de trabalho, e a anamnese dirigida para investigar os sintomas decorrentes do trabalho, podem contribuir para o diagnóstico dos casos de asma iniciada em adultos. A identificação do agente causal é de importância fundamental para a prevenção de progressão da doença ocupacional. Descritores: Asma ocupacional, trigo,

Palavras-chave

Asma ocupacional, trigo, asma.

Abstract

Occupational asthma is defined as presence of reversible airway obstruction and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness caused by agents present in the work environment. Provocation test, aimed at reproducing the patient´s symptoms in a controlled environment, could be used for diagnostic confirmation. In this article, we describe a patient who works in a bakery, exposed to airborne wheat flour, with symptoms of dry cough, dispnea, nasal itching and sneezing, associated with work. Symptoms would disappear when he was away from work and would return after approximately three days of coming back to his professional activities. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated levels of wheat specific IgE (14.9kU/L). His pulmonary function test showed mild airway obstruction, which was reversible after short-acting bronchodilator. Provocation test was performed, by which the patient manipulated the same wheat flour used at his work in the bakery, reproducing preparation of bread dough, under supervision. After twenty minutes, he presented moderate dispnea, with fall in his peak expiratory flow rate to 250 L/m (48% of the predicted value). Skin prick test with wheat flour in natura was positive, indicating presence of an IgE-mediated reaction. This case clearly illustrates that the strategy of provocation test with simulation of environmental conditions at work, and clinical history directed at investigating symptoms associated with work, may contribute to diagnosis of cases of asthma initiated in adulthood. Identification of the causal agent is of fundamental importance for prevention of progression of occupational disease.

Keywords

Occupational asthma, wheat, asthma.

Referências

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Submetido em:
31/07/2013

Aceito em:
27/09/2014

6a83724da953953964181b82 1776695468 Articles
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