Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2318-5015.20140031
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Original Article

Abordagem da anafilaxia por picada de himenópteros no serviço de urgência

Management of anaphylaxis caused by Hymenoptera stings in the emergency setting

Luís Pereira Amaral; Alice Coimbra; José Luís Plácido

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Resumo

Objetivo: Avaliar a abordagem da anafilaxia por picada de himenópteros no serviço de urgência (SU) nos doentes que realizaram imunoterapia com veneno de himenópteros (VIT) em serviço de imunoalergologia (SIA). Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos registros clínicos de doentes seguidos no SIA do Centro Hospitalar de São João (CHSJ-Porto, Portugal), que realizaram VIT entre janeiro de 2005 e abril de 2013. Foram selecionadas as reações anafiláticas mais graves de cada doente, sendo avaliadas sua abordagem no SU e classificação de acordo com os graus de Mueller. Resultados: Sessenta e seis indivíduos, 31 do sexo masculino, com idade média de 38 ± 14 anos (6-68 anos) foram incluídos na presente análise. Cinquenta (76%) realizaram VIT com veneno de abelha, e 16 (24%) com veneno de vespa. Cinquenta e dois (79%) apresentaram reações graus III a IV de Mueller. Adrenalina IM foi administrada em apenas 14 doentes (21%) no SU. Na alta, apenas 9 (14%) receberam prescrição de um autoinjetor de adrenalina, e a 28 doentes (43%) não lhes foi prescrita nenhuma medicação. Só 5 (8%) foram referenciados diretamente do SU para o SIA. Vinte e oito (42%) foram referenciados ao SIA pelo médico assistente. Destes, apenas 11 (39%) foram enviados no primeiro mês após o episódio de anafilaxia, 12 (43%) entre o segundo e sexto mês, e 5 (18%) com mais de seis meses. Conclusões: Apesar das recomendações atuais e como referido em inúmeros trabalhos, constatou-se subutilização da adrenalina no SU. Ainda há espaço para melhorar a implementação das recomendações mais recentes na abordagem da anafilaxia.

Palavras-chave

Anafilaxia, reação a picada de insetos, adrenalina, imunoterapia com veneno de himenópteros.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the management of anaphylaxis caused by Hymenoptera stings in the emergency setting in patients receiving venom immunotherapy (VIT) at our immuno-allergology outpatient clinic. Methods: The medical records of patients receiving VIT at the clinic between January 2005 and April 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The most severe anaphylactic reaction in each patient was selected, and management at the emergency department and classification according to Mueller grades were assessed. Results: A total of 66 patients (31 males), with a mean age of 38 ± 14 years (6-68 years), were included. Fifty patients (76%) underwent VIT with honey bee venom, and sixteen (24%) with vespid venom. Fifty-two patients (79%) presented Mueller grade III or IV reactions. Intramuscular adrenaline was administered to only 14 patients (21%) at the emergency department. Upon discharge, only nine patients (14%) were prescribed an adrenaline auto-injector, and 28 (43%) were not prescribed any medication. Only five (8%) patients were referred to the immuno-allergology clinic directly from the emergency department. Twenty-eight patients (42%) were referred to the clinic by the assistant physician. Of these, only 11 (39%) were seen by a specialist within the first month after the anaphylactic episode; 12 (43%) between the second and sixth month; and five (18%) after six months. Conclusions: In spite of current recommendations, and as reported by a number of studies, we found that adrenaline is being underused in the emergency setting. There is room for improving implementation of the latest anaphylaxis guidelines.

Keywords

Anaphylaxis, insect sting reaction, adrenaline, venom immunotherapy.

References

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Submitted date:
10/21/2014

Accepted date:
04/19/2015

6a7a20e8a9539520d87d2de7 1776695468 Articles
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