Prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite por meio da aplicação dos questionários International Study of Asthma And Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) e 22- Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) em adolescentes de 13 a 14 anos
Prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaires in 13- to 14-year-old adolescents
Ana Carolina Barreto Silva; Maria Teresa Seiler; Camilee Tostes; Jorge Arce; Rosemeri Maurici da Silva; Marcia Margaret Menezes Pizzichini; Angelo Ferreira da Silva Jr.
Resumo
A asma e a rinoconjuntivite, isoladamente ou associadas, são doenças que interferem diretamente na produtividade e consequente qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, principalmente quando não diagnosticadas ou não tratadas adequadamente. A utilização de questionários já validados permite a comparação de resultados entre os diversos estudos que utilizem as mesmas ferramentas, em diferentes culturas e países, culminando no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, e diminuindo, de forma significativa, a repercussão na vida dos sujeitos. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de asma e rinoconjuntivite em adolescentes de 13 a 14 anos, a associação com os domínios do questionário 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), e o impacto destas condições na vida dos adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo com delineamento transversal realizado por meio da aplicação de dois questionários, o International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), e o SNOT-22, em adolescentes com idade entre 13 e 14 anos, matriculados nas escolas das redes pública e privada da cidade de Florianópolis, SC, no período de maio a julho de 2012. Resultados: Do total de 2.558 alunos participantes do estudo, 67,1% era proveniente de escolas públicas, e 50,9% eram meninas. A faixa etária com maior prevalência foi de 13 anos completos. A prevalência de asma foi de 11,1%, e de rinoconjuntivite foi de 31%, de acordo com o questionário ISAAC. A associação entre essas duas doenças esteve presente em 4,5% dos adolescentes. A associação de rinoconjuntivite com sintomas nasais e sinusais, seguindo os domínios do questionário SNOT-22, demonstrou correlação significante entre todas as variáveis analisadas, revelando maior gravidade quando esta patologia estava presente. Em relação ao impacto que a rinoconjuntivite e a asma podem trazer à vida dos adolescentes, houve associação significante destas doenças com alterações de humor e diminuição da produtividade acadêmica e pessoal entre os jovens. Conclusões: A prevalência de asma foi de 11,1%, e de rinoconjuntivite foi de 31%, havendo associação significante dessas patologias com alterações de humor e diminuição da produtividade acadêmica e pessoal dos indivíduos.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, alone or in combination, are conditions that have direct impact on productivity and consequently on the quality of life of individuals, particularly when not diagnosed or properly treated. The use of validated questionnaires enables comparisons among studies that used the same tool in different cultures and countries, leading to early diagnosis and treatment, and therefore to a significant reduction in the burden of disease. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents aged 13 to 14 years, their association with the domains of the 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, and the impact of these conditions on the adolescents’ lives. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, two self-administered instruments, namely the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the SNOT-22 questionnaires, were applied to adolescents aged 13 to 14 years, currently enrolled in private and public schools of the city of Florianopolis, state of Santa Catarina, between May and July 2012. Results: Of a total of 2,558 students who participated in the survey, 67.1% were enrolled in public schools, and 50.9% were girls. The age of 13 was more prevalent. The prevalence rates for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis were 11.1 and 31%, respectively, according to the ISAAC questionnaire. The two conditions were associated in 4.5% of the adolescents. The association between rhinoconjunctivitis and nasal and sinus symptoms, according to SNOT-22 domains, showed significant correlations with all the analyzed variables, with increased severity when the condition was present. Analysis of the impact of combined rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma on the adolescents’ lives revealed significant associations with mood swings and decreased academic and personal productivity. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma was 11.1%, and of rhinoconjunctivitis, 31%. There was a significant association of these conditions with mood swings and decreased academic and personal productivity.
Keywords
Referências
1. Hesselmar B, Äberg B, Eriksson B, Äberg N. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001;12(4):208-15.
2. Ibiapina CC, Sarinho ES, Camargos PA, Andrade CR, Cruz Filho AA. Allergic rhinitis: epidemiological aspects, diagnosis and treatment. J Bras Pneumol. 2008;34(4):230-40.
3. Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L Jr, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL. Economic impact and quality-of-life burden of allergic rhinitis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(3):305-17.
4. Nathan RA. The burden of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007;28(1):3-9.
5. Valovirta E, Myrseth SE, Palkonen S. The voice of the patients: allergic rhinitis is not a trivial disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;8(1):1-9.
6. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(5 Suppl):S147-S334.
7. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl. 2012 Mar;(23):1-298.
8. Benedictis FM, Bush A. Rhinosinusitis and asthma: epiphenomenon or causal association? Chest. 1999;115(2):550-6.
9. Hesselmar B, Aberg B, Eriksson B, Aberg N. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema, and sensitization in two areas with differing climates. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2001;12:208-15.
10. Kamali A, Whitworth JA, Ruberantwari A, Mulwanyi F, Acakara M, Dolin P, et al. Causes and prevalence of non-vision impairing ocular conditions among a rural adult population in sw Uganda. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1999;6(1):41-8.
11. Brito RCCM, Silva GAP, Motta MEFA, Brito MCA. The association of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptoms in adolescents. Rev Port Pneumol. 2009;15(4):613-28.
12. Geraldini M, Chong Neto HJ, Riedi CA, Rosário NA. Epidemiology of ocular allergy and co-morbidities in adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2013;89:354-60.
13. Stull DE, Schaefer M, Crespi S, Sandor DW. Relative strength of relationships of nasal congestion and ocular symptoms with sleep, mood and productivity. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(7):1785-92.
14. Alexander M, Berger W, Buchholz P, Walt J, Burk C, Lee J, et al. The reliability, validity, and preliminary responsiveness of the Eye Allergy Patient Impact Questionnaire (EAPIQ). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005;3:67.
15. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISSAC). Eur Respir J. 1998;12:315-35.
16. Solé D, Wandalsen GF, Camelo-Nunes IC, Naspitz CK; ISAAC - Brazilian Group. Prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema among Brazilian children and adolescents identified by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Phase 3. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(5):341-6.
17. Asher MI, Montefort S, Björkstén B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368(9537):733‑43.
18. Centro integrado de informações agrometeorológicas. Disponível em: www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br. Acessado em 29 de junho de 2012.
19. Global Initiative for Asthma – GINA [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda: Global Initiative for Asthma. [cited 2011 Apr 1] Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2010. [Adobe Acrobat document, 119p.] Available from: http://www.ginasthma.org/pdf/GINA_Report_2010.pdf
20. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia para o Manejo da Asma – 2012. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(supl.1):S1-S46
21. Storms W. Allergic rhinitis-induced nasal congestion: its impact on sleep quality. Prim Care Respir J. 2008 Mar;17(1):7-18.
22. Anon JB, Jacobs MR, Poole MD, Ambrose PG, Benninger MS, Hadley JA, et al. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(1 Suppl):1‑45.
23. Bousquet J, Neukirch F, Bousquet PJ, Gehano P, Klossek JM, Le Gal M, et al. Severity and impairment of allergic rhinitis in patients consulting in primary care. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(1):158‑62.
24. Rufino Netto A. Qualidade de vida: compromisso histórico da epidemiologia. Cad. Saúde Pública. 1994;11(1):11-8.
25. Minayo MCS, Hartz ZMA, Buss PM. Qualidade de vida e saúde: um debate necessário. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2000;5:7-18.
26. Strawbridge WJ. Quality of life: what is it and can it be measured? Growth Horm IGF Res. 1998;8:59-62.
27. Juniper EF, Guyatt GH. Development and testing of a new measure of health status for clinical trials in rhinoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 1991;21(1):77-83.
28. Piccirillo JF, Edwards D, Haiduk A, Yonan C, Thawley SE. Psychometric and clinimetric validity of the 31-Item Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure (RSOM-31). Am J Rhinol. 1995;9(6):297-306.
29. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R, Lund VJ, Browne JP. Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(5):447-54.
30. Gillett S, Hopkins C, Slack R, Browne JP. A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(5):467-9.
Submetido em:
25/02/2016
Aceito em:
15/11/2016
Facebook
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
Reddit
Email