Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2318-5015.20160006
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Relato de Caso

Síndrome de ataxia telangiectasia sem ataxia: relato de caso

Ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome without ataxia: a case report

María Claudia Ortega López; Ágatha León Quintero

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Resumo

A síndrome de ataxia telangiectasia (AT) é uma síndrome complexa, com herança autossômica recessiva, de baixa incidência, que envolve múltiplos órgãos. É caracterizada por distúrbios neurológicos, ataxia cerebelar progressiva, imunodeficiência variável com susceptibilidade aumentada a infecções sinopulmonares, hipersensibilidade aos raios-X, telangiectasias óculo-cutâneas, predisposição para tumores, instabilidade cromossômica e altos níveis de alfa-fetoproteína. A maior parte das mutações identificadas no gene AT mutado (gene ATM) causam truncamento da quinase de ATM, responsável pela reparação de DNA e regulação do ciclo celular. Descrevemos paciente do sexo feminino de 8 anos de idade, de pais não consanguíneos, com antecedentes de infecções recorrentes, telangiectasia ocular, apraxia ocular, deficit de crescimento, sem outros sintomas neurológicos associados, marcha normal, e sem ataxia. A paciente apresentava níveis de imunoglobulinas IgA, IgG e IgE baixos, com o aumento da classe IgM, linfócitos T normais e níveis de alfa-fetoproteína muito elevados. AT relativamente leve foi suspeitada. Análise genética revelou a presença de duas variantes na sequência codificante do gene ATM. A primeira é uma deleção de um nucleotídeo na posição 3802 (c.3802delG), que resulta na síntese de proteína truncada (p.Val1268Xfs). A segunda variante é uma mutação homozigótica missense (c.5948 A>G), que no nível da proteína leva à substituição de asparagina (Asn) por serina (Ser) na posição 1983 (p.Asn1938Ser). O diagnóstico de síndrome de AT foi confirmado na ausência de ataxia, como uma apresentação rara da doença.

Palavras-chave

Síndromes de imunodeficiência, ataxia telangiectasia, ataxia.

Abstract

Ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome (AT) is a complex syndrome with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and a low prevalence, which involves multiple organs. It is characterized by neurological disorders, progressive cerebellar ataxia, variable immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to recurrent sinopulmonary infections, X-ray hypersensitivity, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, predisposition to neoplasia, chromosomal instability, and high alpha-fetoprotein levels. Most mutations detected in the AT mutated gene (ATM gene) cause truncation of the ATM protein kinase, which is responsible for repairing DNA and regulating cell cycle. We describe the case of an 8-year old girl, daughter of non-consanguineous parents, who had a history of recurrent infections, ocular telangiectasia, ocular apraxia, failure to thrive, and no associated neurological symptoms, normal walking movements, and no ataxia. Serum levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgE were low, with increased IgM levels, normal T lymphocytes, and very high alpha-fetoprotein levels. Relatively mild AT was suspected. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of two variants within the ATM gene coding sequence. The first one was the deletion of a nucleotide in position 3802 (c.3802delG), resulting in the synthesis of a truncated protein (p.Val1268Xfs). The second variant was a homozygous missense mutation (c.5948 A>G); at the protein level, this mutation leads to replacement of asparagine (Asn) with serine (Ser) at position 1983 (p.Asn1938Ser). The diagnosis of AT syndrome was confirmed, even in the absence of ataxia, as a rare presentation of the disease.

Keywords

Immunologic deficiency syndromes, ataxia telangiectasia, ataxia.

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16/02/2015

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