Conhecimento e implementação de medidas de controle ambiental no manejo da asma e da rinite alérgica
Knowledge and implementation of environmental control measures in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis
Ana Paula W. Fabro; Katia L. Jojima; Márcia Mallozi; Dirceu Solé; Gustavo F. Wandalsen
Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de pais ou responsáveis por pacientes sobre medidas de controle ambiental no manejo da asma e da rinite alérgica, bem como a implementação destas medidas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, que incluiu pacientes entre 5 e 18 anos, com asma e/ou rinite alérgica, sensibilizados a alérgenos inalatórios domésticos. Os entrevistados responderam questionário sobre sensibilização alérgica, medidas de controle ambiental e exposição ao tabagismo passivo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 122 pais ou responsáveis. Embora 97% acreditassem que seu filho tinha uma doença alérgica, apenas 43% conseguiam relacionar os sintomas da doença à presença de alérgenos. O percentual de pais capaz de referir os alérgenos para os quais seus filhos estavam sensibilizados foi de 88% para ácaros, 56% para fungos, 41% para baratas e gatos, e 40% para cães. Medidas para controle de ácaros foram adotadas por 83% das famílias, com exceção das capas antiácaros, utilizadas por 39%. Entre donos de cães e gatos, 57% não permitiam que seus animais entrassem na casa; 21% dedetizavam a casa contra baratas. Entre os familiares tabagistas, 14% pararam de fumar. Conclusões: A maioria dos entrevistados reconheceu que seu filho tinha uma doença alérgica, mas grande parte não relacionou os sintomas da doença à exposição a alérgenos. Grande percentagem dos entrevistados cujos filhos eram sensibilizados a fungos, baratas, gatos e cães não soube referir este resultado. Os entrevistados aplicavam medidas gerais para controle de alérgenos, mas a maioria não implementava algumas medidas com benefício comprovado para uma estratégia abrangente de controle ambiental.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: To assess the knowledge of patients’ caregivers on environmental control measures in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis, as well as their adherence to such measures. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included patients aged between 5 and 18 years with a diagnosis of asthma and/ or allergic rhinitis and sensitivity to indoor inhaled allergens. Caregivers answered a questionnaire on allergen sensitization, environmental control measures, and exposure to secondhand smoke. Results: A total of 122 parents/guardians were recruited. Even though 97% of the caregivers believed that their children had an allergic disease, only 43% were able to relate disease symptoms with the presence of allergens. The percentage of caregivers who were able to list the allergens to which their child was sensitive resulted in 88% of correct answers for house dust mites, 56% for fungi, 41% for cockroaches and cats, and 40% for dogs. Moreover, 83% of the families adopted general house dust mite control measures, but only 39% used allergen-proof mattress and pillow covers. Among the families who had pets, 57% kept the pets outdoors; chemical control of cockroaches was adopted by 21% of the families. Among the caregivers who smoked, only 14% quit the habit. Conclusions: Even though the majority of caregivers were aware of the allergic status of their child, most of them did not understand the relationship between allergic disease symptoms and exposure to allergens. Furthermore, a large percentage of caregivers failed to recognize their children’s sensitization to fungi, cockroaches, cats, and dogs. Caregivers applied general allergen control measures in their homes, but the majority did not implement some specific measures with proven benefit as part of a broad environmental control strategy.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
01/10/2017
Accepted date:
02/15/2017
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