Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20170061
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Comunicação Clínica e Experimental

DRESS: relato de caso com estudo genético

DRESS syndrome: case report with genetic testin

Maria Inês Perelló Lopes Ferreira; Eduardo Costa de Freitas Silva; Luís Cristóvão Pôrto; Maria de Fátima Guimarães Scotelaro Alves; Anna Carolina Arraes; Assunção de Maria Castro; Sonia Conte; Denise Lacerda Pedrazzi; Gabriela Coelho Dias

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Resumo

A síndrome de hipersensibilidade a drogas com eosinofilia e sintomas sistêmicos (DRESS) é uma rara reação adversa a drogas com potencial de morte e sequelas em longo prazo. Os anticonvulsivantes aromáticos estão entre os medicamentos mais relacionados. Relatamos um caso de DRESS em associação com o alelo HLA-A*31:01, destacando aspectos clínico-laboratoriais, abordagem diagnóstica e acompanhamento ambulatorial de sequelas tardias. Homem com 69 anos, natural do Japão, internado com suspeita clínica de DRESS. Havia iniciado carbamazepina 4 semanas antes do rash cutâneo para tratamento de epilepsia. Apresentou biópsia cutânea compatível com farmacodermia. O paciente foi tratado com prednisolona por 4 meses. A tipagem HLA-A-B-DRB1 por PCR-RSSO (ONE LAMBDA) e SSP alelo específico revelou HLA relacionado a reações de hipersensibilidade à carbamazepina. O teste de contato realizado com carbamazepina a 10% no primeiro ano após a reação foi positivo. A restrição futura da classe de anticonvulsivantes aromáticos foi recomendada. Oito meses após a aparente resolução clínica da DRESS, o paciente desenvolveu aumento dos anticorpos antitireoideanos e doença de Hashimoto. Treze meses após a o início da reação, foi observado aumento nos títulos de FAN, sem manifestações clínicas. Este relato de caso descreve aspectos clínico-laboratoriais típicos de DRESS relativos ao diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial e histopatológico, bem como evolução clínica em curto e longo prazos. A abordagem farmacogenética e o teste de contato foram importantes para a confirmação da imputabilidade da carbamazepina na etiologia da DRESS.

Palavras-chave

Antígenos HLA, hipersensibilidade a drogas, carbamazepina, DRESS.

Abstract

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) is a rare, potentially fatal adverse reaction to drugs that may have long-term sequelae. Aromatic anticonvulsants are among the drugs most commonly associated with DRESS. We report a case of DRESS associated with allele HLA-A*31:01, with emphasis on clinical and laboratory findings, the diagnostic approach adopted, and outpatient follow-up of late sequelae. A 69-year old Japanese male patient was admitted with a clinical suspicion of DRESS. He had started carbamazepine treatment for epilepsy 4 weeks before the rash. He presented skin biopsy compatible with pharmacodermia. The patient was treated with prednisolone for 4 months. HLA-A-B-DRB1 typing using the PCRRSSO technique (ONE LAMBDA) and specific SSP allele revealed HLA related to hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine. The skin test performed with carbamazepine 10% on the first day after the reaction resulted positive. Future restriction of aromatic anticonvulsants was recommended. Eight months after the apparent clinical resolution of DRESS, the patient showed increased levels of antithyroid antibodies and Hashimoto disease. Thirteen months after the onset of the reaction, increased FAN results were observed, with no clinical manifestations. This case report describes clinical and laboratory aspects of DRESS related to clinical, laboratory, and histopathological diagnosis, as well as clinical evolution in the short and long terms. The pharmacogenetic approach and the skin test were important to confirm the imputability of carbamazepine in the etiology of DRESS.

Keywords

HLA antigens, drug hypersensitivity, carbamazepine, DRESS.

Referências

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Submetido em:
14/03/2017

Aceito em:
22/05/2017

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