Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20170062
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Clinical and Experimental Communication

Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich com plaquetas de volume normal

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome with normal-sized platelets

Danddara Morena Gonçalves Silveira; Sarah Angelica Maia; Camila Forestiero; Gesmar Rodrigues Silva Segundo; Débora Carla Chong-Silva; Herberto Jose Chong Neto; Carlos Antônio Riedi; Troy R. Torgerson; Nelson Augusto Rosário

Downloads: 0
Views: 24

Resumo

A Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich (WAS) é uma imunodeficiência congênita ligada ao cromossomo X, caracterizada por mutações no gene WAS, responsável pela proteína WASP. As principais manifestações clínicas são trombocitopenia com plaquetas de volume reduzido, eczema, infecções recorrentes e maior incidência de doenças autoimunes e neoplasias. Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com sintomas clássicos desta síndrome (eczema, trombocitopenia e infecções recorrentes), porém com plaquetas de volume normal. Existem poucos relatos desta síndrome em pacientes com plaquetas de volume normal, o que atrasou o encaminhamento do paciente ao imunologista, o qual foi tratado como portador de Síndrome de Evans e dermatite atópica até os quatro anos de idade. A confirmação diagnóstica foi por teste genético. O diagnóstico precoce possibilita profilaxia com antibioticoterapia e uso de imunoglobulina endovenosa, devido ao risco de infecções graves, e encaminhamento para transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas, que até o momento é o único tratamento curativo. A suspeita clínica deve existir em pacientes com trombocitopenia inexplicável, mesmo se as plaquetas tiverem o tamanho normal, associada às outras manifestações da doença.

Palavras-chave

Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich, imunodeficiência primária, criança, eczema, trombocitopenia.

Abstract

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked congenital immunodeficiency characterized by mutations in the WAS gene of the WASP protein. The main clinical manifestations are thrombocytopenia with small-sized platelets, eczema, recurrent infections and a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases and cancer. We report the case of a male patient with classical symptoms of this syndrome (eczema, thrombocytopenia and recurrent infections), however presenting platelets with normal size. There are few reports of this syndrome in patients with normal-sized platelets, which delayed our patient’s referral to the immunologist. The patient received treatment for Evans syndrome and atopic dermatitis until he was four years old. Confirmation of WAS diagnosis was made by genetic testing. Early diagnosis allows prophylactic treatment with antibiotics and the use of intravenous immunoglobulin due to the risk of serious infections, in addition to referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is the only curative treatment available so far. WAS should be suspected when patients develop unexplained thrombocytopenia even with normal-sized platelets, especially in the presence of other manifestations.

Keywords

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, primary immunodeficiency, child, eczema, thrombocytopenia.

References

1. Ariga T. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease with unique and characteristic features. Allergol Int. 2012;61:183-9.

2. Notarangelo LD, Miao CH, Ochs HD. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol. 2008;15:30-6.

3. Worth AJ, Thrasher AJ. Current and emerging treatment options for Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11:1015‑32.

4. Buchbinder D, Nugent DJ, Fillipovich AH. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: diagnosis, current management, and emerging treatments. Appl Clin Genet. 2014;7:55‑66.

5. Sasahara Y. WASP-WIP complex in the molecular pathogenesis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2016;58:4‑7.

6. Gonzalez IG, Carvalho BTC. Síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich. Rev bras alerg imunopatol. 2011;34:59‑64.

7. Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Geha RS. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a comprehensive review. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013;1285:26‑43.

8. Baharin MF, Dhaliwal JS, Sarachandran SV V., Idris SZ, Yeoh SL. A rare case of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome with normal platelet size: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2016;10:188.

9. Albert MH, Notarangelo LD, Ochs HD. Clinical spectrum, pathophysiology and treatment of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol. 2011;18:42‑8.

10. Mortaz E, Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Khosravi A, Garssen J, Velayati A, et al. Cancers related to immunodeficiencies: Update and perspectives. Front Immunol. 2016;7:1‑13.

11. Guzman D, Veit D, Knerr V, Kindle G, Gathmann B, Eades-Perner AM, et al. The ESID Online Database network. Bioinformatics. 2007;23:654‑5.

12. Ochs HD, Filipovich AH, Veys P, Cowan MJ, Kapoor N. WiskottAldrich Syndrome: diagnosis, clinical and laboratory manifestations, and treatment. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(1 Suppl.):84‑90.

13. Mantadakis E, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Tzanoudaki M, Kanariou M, Chatzimichael A, Albert MH. X-linked thrombocytopenia in three males with normal sized platelets due to novel WAS gene mutations. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014;61:2305-6.

14. Patel PD, Samanich JM, Mitchell WB, Manwani D. A unique presentation of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome in relation to platelet size. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56:1127-29.


Submitted date:
04/12/2017

Accepted date:
06/21/2017

6a5f609ba953953dc90c4639 aaai Articles
Links & Downloads

Arq Asma Alerg Imunol

Share this page
Page Sections