Impacto psicossocial e comportamental da alergia alimentar em crianças, adolescentes e seus familiares: uma revisão
Psychosocial and behavioral impact of food allergies on children, adolescents and their families: a review
Renata N. Gomes; Daniela R. da Silva; Glauce H. Yonamine
Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as evidências da literatura sobre a relação entre alergia alimentar infantil e o impacto psicossocial e comportamental em crianças, adolescentes e seus familiares. Método: Realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed) e na biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO), com foco em artigos publicados no período de 1995 a 2017, em português e/ou inglês. Os descritores utilizados foram: food allergy, children, anxiety, feeding disorders e quality of life. Resultados: A prevalência das doenças alérgicas tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, sobretudo entre as crianças, com impacto significativo sobre os aspectos da vida diária e qualidade de vida tanto da criança quanto da família. Ansiedade, faltas escolares e bullying têm maior incidência em crianças com alergia alimentar. Quanto aos cuidadores, há maior prevalência de estresse, depressão e isolamento por medo de exposição a alérgenos. Conclusão: É possível verificar uma relação entre alergias alimentares em crianças e uma piora da qualidade de vida. Ademais, as dificuldades alimentares advindas de alergias (motoras, neofobias e preferências alimentares) podem prejudicar o desenvolvimento e crescimento das crianças. É necessário o acompanhamento por equipe multiprofissional especializada e treinada, além de mais estudos que abordem novas estratégias e técnicas específicas para o tratamento desta população.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: To analyze evidence available in the literature on the relationship between food allergies in children and their psychosocial and behavioral impact on the patients (children or adolescents) and their families. Method: A literature search was conducted in the following databases: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), browsing for articles published between 1995 and 2017, in Portuguese and/or English. The following descriptors were used: food allergy, children, anxiety, feeding disorders, and quality of life. Results: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased over the past few decades, especially among children, with significant impact on daily living and quality of life of both the child and the family. Anxiety, school absenteeism and bullying have higher incidence rates in children with food allergies. Among caregivers, higher prevalence rates of stress, depression and isolation for fear of exposure to allergens were observed. Conclusion: It is possible to identify a relationship between food allergies in children and worse quality of life. Furthermore, the difficulties resulting from food allergies (motor skills, food neophobia and food preferences) may affect the children’s development and growth. Follow-up by a specialized, trained multidisciplinary team is required, as are further studies addressing new strategies and techniques specifically designed for the treatment of this population.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
14/08/2017
Aceito em:
29/09/2017
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