Dieta de restrição à proteína do leite de vaca: aderência e rotulagem dos alérgenos
Cow's milk protein elimination diet: adherence and allergen labeling
Alyne Doriguello Brisotti; Cynthia Mafra Fonseca de Lima; Giovanna Hernandes y Hernandes; Lene Garcia Barbosa; Maria Cecília Cury Chaddad; Ariana Campos Yang
Resumo
Introdução: Alergia alimentar é uma grande preocupação de saúde pública, pois afeta 3-5% dos adultos e 8% das crianças mundialmente. Alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV) é a alergia alimentar mais comum em crianças. Reações alérgicas graves e fatais podem ocorrer em qualquer idade, e o tratamento consiste em remover o leite de vaca e seus derivados da dieta. A rotulagem adequada dos alimentos fornece informações sobre os ingredientes alergênicos. Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia da dieta de eliminação em pacientes com APLV IgE-mediada e características dos sintomas após exposição acidental. Método: Estudo prospectivo com portadores de APLV IgE-mediada atendidos no Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia do HC-FMUSP, sob dieta de restrição à proteína do leite de vaca. Os pacientes foram avaliados inicialmente através de entrevista oral e por contato telefônico, após 6 meses. Este estudo foi realizado antes que os atuais regulamentos brasileiros de rotulagem de alimentos entrassem em vigor. Resultados: Foram incluídos 23 pacientes. A idade média foi de 10,1 anos, e 14 (60,8%) eram do sexo masculino. Após 6 meses, 7 apresentaram reação alérgica após exposição acidental. Destes, 2 apresentaram reações graves após contato com baixos níveis de proteínas do leite. Os cuidadores de todos os pacientes confirmaram fazer leitura regular dos rótulos. No primeiro contato, 14 pacientes estavam sob restrição de alimentos com a informação “pode conter traços de leite” nos rótulos. Após 6 meses, apenas 7 ainda estavam mantendo esta restrição. Conclusão: Um grupo de pacientes permaneceu com dieta de restrição, inclusive a traços de leite, reiterando a importância da padronização e transparência em relação aos ingredientes alergênicos nos rótulos. Algumas reações ocorreram após a ingestão de alimentos derivados do leite, enfatizando a necessidade de reforço periódico da adesão à dieta de restrição e da prevenção em situações de risco, como festas e escola.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy is a major public health concern, as it affects up to 3-5% of adults and 8% of children worldwide. Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in young children. Severe and fatal allergic reactions may occur at any age, and treatment consists of removing cow’s milk and its derivatives from the diet. Proper food labeling provides clear and accurate information about allergenic ingredients. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an elimination diet in IgE-mediated CMPA patients and features of symptoms after accidental exposure. Method: A prospective study with IgE-mediated CMPA patients treated at HC-FMUSP Clinical Immunology and Allergy Service, undergoing a cow’s milk protein elimination diet. The patients were first evaluated through oral interview, then by telephone contact after 6 months. This study was conducted before current Brazilian food labeling regulations came into effect. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled. The mean age was 10.1 years, and 14 (60.8%) were male. After 6 months, 7 patients presented with allergic reaction after accidental exposure. Of those, 2 presented with severe reactions after exposure to low levels of milk protein. All patients’ caregivers confirmed they read labels regularly. At the first contact, 14 patients were under restriction of foods which read "may contain traces of milk" on their label. After 6 months, 7 patients were still under such restriction. Conclusion: A group of patients still needed an elimination diet, including traces of milk, reinforcing the importance of standardization and transparency regarding allergenic ingredients in all labels. Some reactions occurred after intake of milk derivatives, emphasizing the need for periodic reinforcement of adherence to elimination diet and prevention in potentially risky situations, such as at parties and at school.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
17/09/2018
Aceito em:
01/12/2018
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