Hipersensibilidade a drogas: um alerta em pacientes portadores de doenças autoimunes
Drug hypersensitivity: an alert in patients with autoimmune diseases
Mateus Rios; Luiz Rocha; Gladys Queiroz; Filipe W. Sarinho; Renata Vasconcelos; Almerinda Maria Rego; Emanuel Sarinho
Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a hipersensibilidade a medicamentos em pacientes com o diagnóstico de doenças autoimunes. Métodos: Estudo clínico, analítico, do tipo caso-controle. Foram selecionadas 35 mulheres com doenças autoimunes e 35 sem esse diagnóstico que participaram do protocolo de pesquisa sobre antecedentes de hipersensibilidade a drogas. Resultados: As pacientes apresentavam idade variando de 16 a 66 anos, com a mediana semelhante nos dois grupos. A doença autoimune mais prevalente foi o lupus eritematoso sistêmico, 24/35 (68,5%). A proporção de hipersensibilidade a medicamentos, nas pacientes com doenças autoimunes, foi de 14/35 (40%), e apenas 2/35 (5,7%) no grupo controle (p = 0,0029). As reações de hipersensibilidade do tipo tardia foram as mais frequentes, e na maioria dos casos precederam o diagnóstico de doença autoimune em um total de cinco pacientes, sendo que destas cinco, duas apresentaram síndrome de Stevens Johnson, duas exantema maculopapular, e uma eritema fixo pigmentar. O grupo de drogas mais envolvido foi os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, seguidos pelos anticonvulsivantes. Conclusão: Hipersensibilidade a medicamentos foi mais frequente em pacientes portadoras de doenças autoimunes, e pode preceder o diagnóstico, especialmente se for do tipo tardia. Estudos adicionais multicêntricos para verificar uma eventual associação de hipersensibilidade a medicamentos e doenças autoimunes são necessários.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate drug hypersensitivity in patients with autoimmune diseases. Methods: In this clinical, analytical, casecontrol study, we selected 35 women with autoimmune diseases and 35 women without this diagnosis to participate in this research protocol on history of drug hypersensitivity. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 16 to 66 years with similar median in both groups. The most prevalent autoimmune disease was systemic lupus erythematosus, in 24/35 (68.5%) patients. The proportion of drug hypersensitivity was 14/35 (40%) in the autoimmune disease group and only 2/35 (5.7%) in the control group (p = 0.0029). Delayed hypersensitivity reactions were most frequent and preceded the diagnosis of autoimmune disease in five patients, including two with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, two with maculopapular rash and one with fixed pigmented erythema. The most frequently involved group of drugs was nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by anticonvulsants. Conclusion: Drug hypersensitivity was more common in patients with autoimmune diseases and may precede the diagnosis, especially in delayed-type. Additional multicenter studies are required to evaluate a possible association of drug hypersensitivity to autoimmune diseases.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
05/26/2018
Accepted date:
04/08/2019
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