Infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em paciente com agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X tratado com altas doses de imunoglobulina endovenosa e plasma de convalescente
SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia treated with high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma
Mariana Jobim; Tiago Severo Garcia; Gisele Ewald; Leo Sekine; Edino Parolo; José Augusto Pellegrini; Patricia Schwarz; Nicole Santos; Lavinia Schuler; Luiz Jobim
Resumo
A pandemia pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 atingiu adultos, crianças e penalizou indivíduos idosos e com comorbidades como diabetes, doença cardíaca, hipertensão e obesidade. A maioria dos infectados são assintomáticos ou têm sintomas leves, entretanto 15% podem apresentar pneumonia e 5% síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Apresentamos um caso de agamaglobulinemia ligada ao X (XLA) em paciente masculino de 27 anos que se infectou com SARS-CoV-2. Os pacientes com XLA não possuem linfócitos B e não produzem anticorpos devido a uma mutação no gene Bruton tirosino-quinase (BTK), responsável pela maturação dos linfócitos B. Ele infectou-se e foi internado em hospital de Ivoti/RS. A evolução da pneumonia foi rápida, necessitando transferência para o Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) no 10° dia de evolução. Iniciou com infusão de imunoglobulinas, tendo utilizado o total de 400 gramas devido ao intenso catabolismo da IgG, mantendo-se sua concentração entre 700-900 mg/dL. Necessitou de ventilação mecânica, oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) e hemodiálise. Foi administrado plasma de convalescente (PC), 300 mL, por duas vezes, com melhora clínico-radiológica e retirada da ventilação mecânica. Piorou e repetiu outras 4 infusões de PC (total de 1717 mL), negativando o vírus na orofaringe (RT-PCR). Em 3 ocasiões teve sepse, debelada rapidamente. Apresentou anemia, com necessidade de transfusão frequente. Identificou-se linfopenia de CD3, CD4, CD8, NK e ausência de linfócitos B. A linfopenia foi revertida com a recuperação clínica e a alta hospitalar aconteceu no 70° dia de internação.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected adults and children and penalized older people and those with comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and obesity. Most of those infected are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, but 15% may have pneumonia and 5% acute respiratory distress syndrome. We report a case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in a 27-yearold man who was infected with SARS-CoV-2. XLA patients do not have B lymphocytes and do not produce antibodies because of mutations in the Bruton tyrosine-kinase gene, responsible for the maturation of B cells. This patient was infected and then admitted to a hospital in Ivoti, southern Brazil. Pneumonia progressed rapidly, requiring transfer to the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre on the 10th day. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions were initiated, using a total of 400 grams because of an intense catabolism of IgG, and the concentration was kept around 700- 900 mg/dL. Mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hemodialysis were necessary. Convalescent plasma (CP) was administered (2x300 mL) and then followed by clinical and radiological improvement and interruption of mechanical ventilation. Then he got sicker and had to return to invasive support and received 4 extra CP infusions (total of 1717 mL), until a negative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was obtained. On 3 occasions he had sepsis, promptly managed. He had anemia, requiring frequent transfusion, and lymphopenia (CD3, CD4, CD8, NK), with absence of B lymphocytes. Lymphopenia was reverted during recovery, and he was discharged from the hospital on the 70th day.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
17/10/2020
Aceito em:
18/10/2020
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