Comparative effects of aerobic, combined, and intermittent exercise in children and adolescents with asthma: a systematic review
Efeitos comparativos dos exercícios aeróbicos, combinados e intermitentes em crianças e adolescentes com asma: uma revisão sistemática
Denise Lautenschleger Fischer; Kamila de Lima Souza; Mauro Henrique Moraes Vargas
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with a heterogeneous pathogenesis and etiology. Inflammation is considered one of the main triggers of bronchospasm and airway obstruction, which lead to clinical manifestations. Exercise is encouraged as a way to avoid cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychosocial disorders and help control the disease. Our objective was to analyze the comparative effects of aerobic, combined (resistance and aerobic), and intermittent exercise on the functional capacity, lung function, and quality of life of children and adolescents with asthma, as well as to identify the relationship between exercise, other functional parameters, and inflammatory components characteristic of asthma. This was a systematic review of randomized clinical trials involving asthmatic populations aged between 6 and 17 years. PEDro, Lilacs, PubMed, and Cochrane Library/Central were searched for studies published in the last 10 years in English or Portuguese. We identified 8136 references, of which only 3 met the eligibility criteria. Considering the intervention time, aerobic exercise showed better functional capacity results. Regarding the common parameters used to assess lung function, intermittent exercise was the only type to result in significant change. Regarding quality of life, intermittent exercise had superior results, while combined exercise stood out for musculoskeletal improvement. Exercise can be a good non-pharmacological strategy for reducing the consequences of this pathology.
Keywords
Resumo
A asma é uma doença crônica, com patogênese e etiologia heterogêneas. Considera-se o quadro inflamatório como um dos principais desencadeantes do broncoespasmo e obstrução das vias aéreas, os quais levam às manifestações clínicas. Sugerese que os exercícios físicos sejam uma terapêutica importante para evitar distúrbios cardiovasculares, musculoesqueléticos e psicossociais, e ajudar no controle da doença. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os efeitos comparativos dos exercícios físicos aeróbicos, combinados (resistência e aeróbico) e intermitentes na capacidade funcional, função pulmonar e qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes com asma, identificando também as possíveis relações dos exercícios com outros parâmetros funcionais e componentes inflamatórios característicos da asma. As fontes de buscas utilizadas foram PEDro, LILACS, PubMed e Cochrane Library/Central, dos quais selecionou-se apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados, em crianças e adolescentes com o diagnóstico de asma, com idade entre 6 e 17 anos, publicados nos últimos dez anos, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Foram identificadas 8.136 referências, sendo que destas, apenas três preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Considerando o tempo de intervenção, o exercício aeróbico apresentou melhores resultados referente à capacidade funcional. Em relação ao parâmetro comum utilizado para avaliar a função pulmonar, o exercício intermitente foi o único a obter alterações significativas. Quanto à qualidade de vida, o exercício intermitente obteve resultados superiores, e os exercícios combinados destacam-se pela melhora musculoesquelética. A prática de exercícios físicos pode ser uma boa estratégia, não farmacológica, para reduzir as consequências desta patologia.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
31/03/2022
Aceito em:
14/12/2022
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