Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://www.aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20230055
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Original Article

Determinação da reatividade cutânea às quinolonas e fatores associados

Cutaneous hypersensitivity to quinolones and associated factors

Wandilson Xavier Alves Junior; Marisa Ribeiro; Marcelo Vivolo Aun; Pedro Giavina-Bianchi

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Resumo

Introdução: As quinolonas, amplamente usadas na prática clínica, correspondem à segunda causa de reações de hipersensibilidade aos antibióticos. Reações às quinolonas (RQ) são um desafio para o alergista, pois ocorrem por mecanismos IgE mediados, mas também por uma via não imunológica, o receptor MRGPRX2. Objetivo: Este trabalho avalia a reatividade cutânea de pessoas sem alergia ao ciprofloxacino em diversas concentrações. Metodologia: Foram realizados prick tests (PT) e testes intradérmicos de leitura imediata (ID) com ciprofloxacino em voluntários atendidos em um ambulatório de serviço terciário. No PT, foram usadas concentrações de 2 mg/mL (solução mãe), 1:10 e 1:50. No ID, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100 e 1:500. Resultados: Foram incluídos 31 indivíduos sem histórico de RQ. A média de idade foi de 40,5 anos, sendo 74,1% do gênero feminino. Doenças atópicas foram encontradas em 48,4% dos participantes, 100% destes com rinite alérgica, 20% com conjuntivite alérgica, 13,3% com asma, e 13,3% com dermatite atópica. Uso prévio de quinolonas foi relatado por 45,2% dos indivíduos. O PT puro e 1:10 foi positivo em 25,8% e 6,5%, respectivamente; na concentração 1:50 não mostrou positividade. O ID 1:10, 1:50 e 1:100 foi positivo em 96,8%, 45,2% e 6,5%, respectivamente, mas foi negativo na diluição 1:500. Nos que já usaram quinolonas, o PT puro e 1:50 foram positivos em 28,6% e 14,3% dos participantes, respectivamente, versus 25% e 0% nos que não usaram. O ID entre os indivíduos que já usaram foi positivo em 100% na diluição 1:10, 57,1% na 1:50, e 14,3% na 1:100. Entre os que não usaram, 93,7% na diluição 1:10, 37,6% na 1:50, e 0% na 1:100. Nos atópicos, o PT foi positivo em 26,7% e 13,3% na concentração mãe e 1:10; e negativo em 1:50. Nos participantes não atópicos, observou-se positividade de 25% no PT com a solução mãe e testes negativos nas demais diluições. O ID com as soluções 1:10, 1:50 e 1:100 foi positivo em 100%, 46,7% e 6,7% dos atópicos, e 93,7%, 43,7%, 6,3% nos não atópicos, respectivamente. Conclusão: O ciprofloxacino apresenta reatividade cutânea através de vias imunológicas e pelo MRGPRX2, sendo recomendada a realização de testes cutâneos em concentrações igual ou menores de 0,02 mg/ mL para investigação de reações de hipersensibilidade imediata, pois essas concentrações apresentam boa especificidade

Palavras-chave

Alergia a quinolonas, testes cutâneos, teste de puntura, testes intradérmicos, ciprofloxacino.

Abstract

Introduction: Quinolones, widely used in clinical practice, are the second leading cause of antibiotic hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to quinolone poses a challenge for allergists, as it occurs through immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanisms as well as nonimmunologic ones (specifically the MRGPRX2 receptor). Objective: To assess cutaneous hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin at different concentrations. Methodology: Skin prick test (SPT) and immediate-reading intradermal test (IDT) with ciprofloxacin were performed on volunteers treated at a tertiary outpatient clinic. Concentrations of 2 mg/mL (main solution), 1:10, and 1:50 were used for the SPT, and concentrations of 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:500 were used for the IDT. Results: Thirty-one individuals with no history of hypersensitivity to quinolone were included, of whom 74.1% were women. Mean patient age was 40.5 years. Atopic diseases were found in 48.4% of participants, of whom 100% had allergic rhinitis, 20% had allergic conjunctivitis, 13.3% had asthma, and 13.3% had atopic dermatitis. Previous quinolone use was reported by 45.2%. SPT performed with the main solution and 1:10 dilution was positive in 25.8% and 6.5% of cases, respectively, whereas SPT with 1:50 dilution was negative in all cases. IDT performed with 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 dilutions was positive in 96.8%, 45.2%, and 6.5% of cases, respectively, but negative with 1:500. Among the individuals who had used quinolones, SPT with main solution and 1:50 dilution was positive in 28.6% and 14.3% of cases, respectively, compared with 25% and 0% in those who had not used quinolones. Among those who had used quinolones, IDT results were positive in 100% at 1:10, 57.1% at 1:50, and 14.3% at 1:100. Among those who had not used quinolones, IDT results were positive in 93.7% at 1:10, 37.6% at 1:50, and 0% at 1:100. In atopic individuals, SPT was positive in 26.7% with the main solution and 1:10 dilution, and negative with 1:50. Among nonatopic individuals, 25% had a positive SPT with the main solution, and the remaining individuals were negative. IDT results with 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 dilutions were positive, respectively, in 100%, 46.7%, and 6.7% of atopic individuals and in 93.7%, 43.7%, and 6.3% of nonatopic individuals. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin triggers cutaneous hypersensitivity via immunologic mechanisms and the MRGPRX2 receptor. It is recommended that skin tests be performed at a dilution of 1:100 or greater to investigate immediate hypersensitivity.

Keywords

Quinolone allergy, skin tests, skin prick test, intradermal tests, ciprofloxacin.

References

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Submitted date:
12/11/2023

Accepted date:
12/18/2023

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