Reações alérgicas a ferroadas de insetos da classe Hymenoptera: uma revisão de literatura
Allergic reactions to hymenopteran stings: a literature review
Lucas da Costa Lomeu; Laryssa Damasceno Daniel; Renata Pinto Ribeiro Miranda; João Paulo de Assis
Resumo
Insetos como abelhas, vespas e formigas da ordem Hymenoptera podem causar reações alérgicas graves e até fatais. Esses insetos possuem venenos com componentes alergênicos e os injetam por meio de suas ferroadas, que podem causar reações locais e sistêmicas. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre as reações alérgicas às ferroadas de insetos da ordem Hymenoptera, com o intuito de analisar os mecanismos imunológicos envolvidos, as manifestações clínicas, os fatores de risco, os métodos de diagnóstico, as estratégias de prevenção e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis. Trata-se então de revisão sistemática de literatura realizada em agosto de 2023. O processo envolveu seis etapas. Os artigos foram obtidos pela busca em bases de dados, utilizando descritores em Ciências da Saúde relacionados ao tema. Foram identificados inicialmente 50 artigos, no entanto, apenas 10 deles atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para detecção das reações incluem-se testes cutâneos com venenos de Hymenoptera e análise do soro para IgE específica do veneno de Hymenoptera. Os fatores de risco que influenciam o resultado de uma reação anafilática incluem o intervalo de tempo entre as ferroadas, o número de ferroadas, a gravidade da reação anterior e o tipo de inseto. Esta revisão oferece uma visão abrangente das reações alérgicas às picadas de insetos Hymenoptera, contribuindo significativamente para o entendimento, diagnóstico e manejo dessas condições.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Insects of the order Hymenoptera such as bees, wasps, and ants can cause severe and even fatal allergic reactions. These insects have venom with allergenic components that they inject through their stingers, which can cause local and systemic reactions. This study aims to carry out a systematic literature review on allergic reactions to Hymenopteran stings, analyzing the immune mechanisms involved, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, and available therapeutic options. The literature review was conducted in August 2023, in a six-stage process. Articles were obtained by searching databases using Medical Subject Headings descriptors related to the topic. Initially, 50 articles were identified; however, only 10 of these met the inclusion criteria. We found that methods for detecting reactions include skin tests with Hymenopteran venoms and serum analysis for IgE specific to such venom. Risk factors that influence the outcome of anaphylactic reactions include the time interval between stings, the number of stings, the severity of the previous reaction, and the type of insect. This review provides a comprehensive overview of allergic reactions to Hymenopteran stings, contributing significantly to the understanding, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
14/03/2024
Aceito em:
18/03/2024
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